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Those are two completely different entities, and also their clinical manifestations differ completely from each other.

On the level of liquid homeostasis this is already pretty obvious.

To such a point that you cannot mistake one for the other.

Viruses are combatted by cellular immunity mainly. They provoke closing of periphery, and thus excretion of fluids, with the sensation of being “cold”.

Limbs are “cold”!

The cells of the whole organism lose a lot of liquid in this process.

Lymphocytes are fighting in this phase (Lymphocytosis).

A bacterial infection, on the opposite side of the range is fought against mainly by humoral immunity.

It opens the periphery, causes frequently high fever, and all organs and cells “drink a lot”.

Limbs are “warm”!

Hence, if the person does not supply liquids in quantity, periphery dries up.

One such Paradigm of this suite of events is the case of sinusitis. It starts with a runny nose, a manifestation of a Rhinovirus, and continues in the following days with a Staphylococcus infection of the sinuses, which have been obstructed for a short while.

Therapy is easy, aiming at adequate hydration during the second phase of disease.

This one is not unlike strenuous exercise, during which Leucocytes are mobilized in mass from the Reticulo-Endothelial System (Liver and Spleen mainly): Leucocytosis.

Liquids lost in this disorder, which need to be supplied can reach several liters.

Viruses manifest typically without high fever, and if otherwise, an alternative explanation should be looked for.

Their infection provokes pain in cartilage and muscle, while the bacterial counterpart goes together with tendon aches, and issues, and more more muscle and body weakness.